영어로 논문 작성법, 참고 자료

영어로 논문 작성법, 참고 자료 

Useful Phrases for Academic Papers.pdf

Useful Phrases for Academic Papers2.pdf

Useful Phrases for Academic Papers3.pdf

영어논문작성법 워크샵.pdf

[General Science Dissertation Tips] 

Abstract 

As always, check any guidelines you have been issued for format. Guidelines often impose strong word count restrictions. Although it comes at the very beginning of the document, the abstract should be the last thing you write, as it requires a concise summary of the entire study, including background, method, findings, and conclusions. 

Introduction 

 Be brief and concise 

 Frame the objective of the study with relevant background information. 

 Describe key concepts such that the reader is equipped to understand what follows. 

 State aims/objectives/hypothesis(es) explicitly. 

 Outline the methodology adopted. 

 Summarize the organization of the paper. 

Literature Review 

 Keep a record of documents you review for compiling the references section. 

 Explain why you are reviewing the chosen documents in the context of the study as a whole. 

 Make citations in accordance with your style guide. If you have no style guide, choose a style and apply it consistently. 

 Summarize the findings and implications of the literature review. Methodology Describe the methodology adopted in detail, alluding to the literature review and/or other documents, where appropriate. Results Depending on the complexity of the findings, different approaches should be adopted to convey them to the reader. Outcomes for target variables should be presented and subject to comparisons; this can involve text only or text and figures and/or tables where the complexity of the data and comparisons requires it. Discussion 

 This should draw conclusions from the results and apply these to the stated aims/objectives. 

 State conclusions then support them with reference to findings. 

 If appropriate, comment on how your findings support (or challenge)those of similar studies. Conclusion/summary 

 Summarize the study as a whole, including findings. 

 Mention any limitations to the study (common limitations include location, cohort size, study. duration, limited time, limited resources).  Mention any implications of the finding as well as any promising avenues for future study. References 

 Follow the style guide you have been told to follow, if any. 

 If you have no style guide, choose one appropriate to your field (e.g., APA for all social sciences, medical sciences; IEEE for electrical engineering; and so on). 

 Ensure that all the entries in the list have been cited in text.

[논지의 중요성을 강조 (Establishing the importance of the topic)] 

One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is … 

It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the … X is the leading cause of death in western industrialized countries. 

X is a common disorder characterized by … Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and … Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known… X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for … In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in … The issue of X has received considerable critical attention. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of … X is at the heart of our understanding of … 

[논지의 중요성을 강조 2 (Establishing the importance of the topic (time frame given)] 

Recent developments in X have heightened the need for … 

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in … 

In the arena of X , there has been a recent surge in interest and research. Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in … Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in … Since 1949 the submarine area off X has undergone intensive investigation … The past decade has seen the rapid development and diffusion of X in many … The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of…. Over the past century there has been a dramatic increase in … In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine …. X proved an important literary genre in the early Y community. One of the most important events of the 1970s was … Traditionally, Xs have subscribed to the belief that … X was widespread in the Middle East in the 1920s. 

[논문의 개요를 시작할 때 (Synopsis of Literature)] 

Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine … Previous studies have reported … A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies … Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with … Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that … The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with … Recent evidence suggests that … Several attempts have been made to … A number of researchers have reported … Xs were reported in the first models of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith, & Patel, 1977). What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how … Studies of X show the importance of … [연구에서의 이슈를 설명할 때 (Highlighting a problem in the field of study)] However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect … However, a major problem with this kind of application is … Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years. Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks: However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of …There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged … Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of … [연구분야에 대한 이슈 설명 (Highlighting a controversy in the field of study)] To date there has been little agreement on what … More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about … One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in … In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning … The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of … This concept has recently been challenged by …studies demonstrating … Highlighting a knowledge gap in the field of study: So far, however, there has been little discussion about … Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors … However, far too little attention has been paid to … In addition, no research has been found that surveyed … So far this method has only been applied to … This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among …. However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive … What is not yet clear is the impact of X on … The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between … Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that … However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in … Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002; Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for … No previous study has investigated X Although extensive research has been carried out on …, no single study exists which …